ECZEMA
Also known as dermatitis, eczema is an inflammatory skin condition marked by extremely itchy, red, scaly, and irritated skin. Eczema affects about six million Canadians and is the most common skin problem in children under the age of 12. There are several forms of eczema, including:
Atopic dermatitis: Atopic dermatitis is the most common form of eczema, affecting about 10 percent of all Canadians. It usually begins in infancy and varies in severity during childhood and adolescence. It is thought to be due to a combination of dry, irritable skin and a malfunction in the body’s immune system.
Contact dermatitis: This is caused by exposure to an irritant or allergen, such as laundry soap, dyes, cosmetics and skin products, cleaning products, or plants (poison ivy).
Neurodermatitis: This form develops in areas where something, such as tight clothing, rubs or scratches your skin and causes an irritation.
Seborrheic dermatitis: Seborrheic dermatitis is a red rash with yellowish and oily scales, which is known as cradle cap when it affects infants. It may also affect adults and can be triggered by stress or other health conditions such as Parkinson’s disease.
Stasis dermatitis: This may be caused by varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency, which cause a buildup of fluid beneath the skin of the legs. This fluid buildup interferes with your blood’s ability to nourish your skin and places extra pressure against the skin.
While eczema can be uncomfortable to deal with, it is not contagious and can be managed well with a variety of conventional and natural methods.
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
Eczema can appear on various parts of the body. Symptoms vary in severity and include:
• Dryness
• Itching
• Redness
• Skin lesions (crusty, scaly patches)
• Swelling
In severe cases, fluid-filled vesicles, ulcers, or cracks may occur. Open sores and ulcers can become infected if picked or scratched. If the skin becomes red and warm to the touch, it may be infected and require immediate medical attention.
RISK FACTORS
Age: While eczema can occur at any age, it is most common in infants and young children.
Diet (deficiency of essential fatty acids; exposure to food allergens)
• Digestive problems (leaky gut syndrome and celiac disease)
• Exposure to skin irritants (chemicals, detergents, latex, cosmetics)
• Genetics (it tends to run in families)
• Having hay fever, allergies, asthma or a family history of these conditions
• Stress (physical or emotional)
• Climate changes, stress and illness, or infections can trigger flare-ups.
FOOD ALLERGENS AND ECZEMA
Common food allergens associated with eczema include eggs, milk, peanuts, soy, and wheat. Eczema flare-ups can also be triggered by food additives (preservatives and dyes) and spices.
DOCTOR’S ORDERS
Doctors often prescribe steroid creams, such as hydrocortisone, clobetasol, or mo-metasone, to reduce the itching and inflammation. These products should not be used over the long term, as they may cause side effects such as burning, itching, blistering, easy bruising, and thinning of skin. Antihistamines are given for those with severe itching. Elidel (pimecrolimus) is a drug that affects the immune system and helps reduce flare-ups. This is also not recommended for long-term use.
Dietary Recommendations
Foods to include:
• Nuts, seeds (flaxseed, pumpkin, and hemp), coldwater fish, and olive oil contain essential fatty acids, which can help reduce inflammation. Pumpkin and sunflower seeds also contain zinc, which is important for skin health.
• Fruits and vegetables contain valuable antioxidants and fibre (which prevents constipation).
• Drink lots of purified water to help flush toxins out of the body.
Foods to avoid:
• Spices, dairy, caffeine, alcohol, and chemicals present in processed and fast foods may trigger flare-ups.
Note: Since food allergies can cause eczema, consider an elimination diet (see Appendix D) to determine if dairy, wheat, or other common allergens are the source of your skin problems.
Lifestyle Suggestions
If you have contact dermatitis, avoid exposure to known irritants. For all forms of eczema, the following tips can help reduce flare-ups:
• Use only hypoallergenic skin products, soaps, and detergents and rinse well with water.
• Take short baths or showers (five to 10 minutes) with warm (not hot) water. Bathing in oatmeal can help reduce itching. Gently pat your skin dry. Do not rub hard.
• Moisturize your skin after bathing and throughout the day. Look for creams that are thick and emollient and contain one or more of the following: chamomile; vitamins A, E, and C; calendula; licorice; and lavender. Avoid products containing perfumes, dyes, or chemical irritants.
• Wear soft, natural fabrics, such as cotton, hemp, or silk.
• Don’t scratch or rub your skin. If you are itchy, apply moisturizer.
Top Recommended Supplements
Fish oils: Contain omega-3 fatty acids (EPA) that reduce inflammation. Several studies have shown significant benefits with high dosages (10 g per day). Lower dosages may also offer benefits.
Gamma-linoleic acid (GLA): An essential fatty acid that may be lacking in those with eczema. Studies have found benefits with GLA supplements (primrose, borage, and blackcurrent oil) to reduce itching and improve eczema. Dosage range: 3-6 g daily.
Complementary Supplements
Celadrin: A mixture of fatty acids that reduce inflammation. Available in creams and capsules. Dosage: 3-6 capsules daily.
Probiotics: Beneficial bacteria with immune-regulating properties; help improve digestion and reduce allergic reactions. Dosage: one to three capsules daily.
Witch hazel: An astringent that helps dry up weeping eczema and reduces itching and inflammation. Apply topically with gauze pads.
FINAL THOUGHTS
Eczema is a manageable condition. To reduce flare-ups:
1. Avoid exposure or ingestion of known allergens or triggers.
2. Use only hypoallergenic household and skin products.
3. Bathe briefly; moisturize regularly with products made for sensitive skin.
4. Consider supplements of fish oil, GLA, or Celadrin.
5. Probiotics may be helpful for those with digestive problems and to reduce allergic responses.
